The Grady Little situation was about him ignoring clear-cut instructions to remove Pedro at 105 pitches, this was based on data presented to him by Theo. Little ignored the edict and Pedro gave up 3 runs. Hypothetically, Grady's decision cost 4 runs, and we would have won 5-2 instead of losing 6-5. (There's some uncertainty in there.) The decision probably cost him his job. So it was one of the all-time costly decisions, hypothetically.