It's hard to pin down why some pitchers seem to do much better with one catcher vs another, and often times it goes on year-after-year.
Personally, I don't think the major factor for this is pitch-calling, but certainly that can be a big part of major disparities.
Sometimes, I'm not so sure it is something one catcher does very well, as much as it might be about the other catcher just not being very good at it. I tend to think this is the case with Vaz, since just about every "other catcher," except Swihart follow the same pattern.
The difficult part of determining if major disparities are significant is the usual unbalanced sample sizes with one catcher having a very small sample size. Most know that I am a big stickler on small sample size judgements, but to me when so most small, along with most moderate and higher sample sizes almost all show the same thing, I have to think some force is at play.
On Eovaldi, he has just two years to comp with Plawecki, and one was the short 2020 season. Here are the numbers (note the sample size disparities):
2020
0.64 with Plaweckie (.611 OPS against in 14 IP)
4.98 with Vazquez (.970 OPS against in 34.1 IP)
2021
2.66 with Wong (.702 in 20.1)
3.50 with Plawecki (.651 in 90.0)
4.77 with Vazquez (.766 in 66 IP)
In his not-so-great 2019 season, we saw this:
4.91 w Centano (.787 in 11 IP)
5.68 w Vazquez (.871 in 38)
7.20 w Swihart (.975 in 10)
.7.27 w Leon (.888 in 8.2)
2018 (short time with BOS)
0.55 w Vaz (.436 in 16.1)
3.86 w Leon (.697 in 35)
Career (only BOS catchers)
2.66 Wong .702 in 20
3.12 Plaw .646 in 104
4.53 Leon .735 in 44
4.60 Vaz .781 in 155
7.20 Swihart .975 in 10
Using career CERA/OPS Against numbers to compare catchers is not an ideal way to evaluate disparities, as many pitchers go through several "phases" in their career, and using just single season sample sizes often leads to one of both sample sizes being rather small and or unbalanced. That being said, using Sale's career numbers should be pretty accurate, since he was pretty consistently great every season with the Sox.
Sale:
2.79 Leon .578 in 436 IP
4.01 Vaz .759 in 119 IP
The ERod career is more complex
4.25 ERA 2015-2016
4.19 in 2017
3.82 in 2018
3.81 in 2019
missed 2020
4.97 in 2021
There were different catchers backing up Vaz during these "phases," so the career numbers would reflect that. Here they are, anyway:
3.78 Hannigan .778 in 50 IP (interestingly, he was the catcher during his worst years)
4.05 Leon .700 in 118
4.22 Vaz .727 in 603
4.44 Swi .692 in 75
Let's look year by year:
2015 (No Vaz)
1.29 Leon 7IP
3.89 Hanigan 44
4.08 Swihart 71
2016
3.00 Hannigan 6
4.50 Vaz 22
4.90 Leon 79
2017
0.00 Leon 1 IP
4.22 Vaz 136
As you can see, his first 3 seasons had wildly erratic and unbalanced sample size with various catchers. 2018 & 2019 were not much better...
2018
0.00 Leon just 12 IP
4.21 Vaz 118
2019
3.59 Vaz 180
4.34 Leon 19
10.38 Swi 4.1
2021 even more so...
Only Vaz has caught ERod