There is certainly a lot of luck involved. One area of luck is how teams try to guess what round a player they like might be taken and then take him in the previous round or two.
I do think some teams are better staffed to make the right picks more often than others. I don't think the Sox are bad, but it looks like others are more or less, consistently better, especially with pitching.
When I look at Bloom's drafts and IFA signings, they look pretty good, on paper. Since most of his picks were HS kids, it's going to take longer than many teams to see results at the ML level. That's not an excuse for Bloom, but it should not be a ding, either, until we find out how good they end up.
Sometimes, if prospects are traded, all that matters is how good the other GM thinks the prospects are. For example, the DD prospects traded away mostly underperformed their rankings. The ones he kept like Devers and more far away prospects like Bello, Casas and Duran ended up better than Moncada, Espinoza and Kopech, among others.
Our system has worked for us over the past two decades, although we have often had to trade top everyday prospects for pitching. The longest lull I have noticed under JH's era was from Devers call-up in 2017 to Bello's call-up in late 2022. That's 5 years with just Houck, Dalbec and a struggling Duran added to the big club from within. I'm not sure some fans realize the magnitude of that fact. I can't think of any team that has been consistently a winner without any farm infusion in 5 years. That 5 years began in 2018, and the affects are usually not felt for a couple years or more (like starting in 2020.)
Just look how much of a boost Bello and Duran have given this team, and to a lesser extent Casas! Imagine our 2021 and 2022 teams with 2-3 guys like them added each year. Low cost- decent production filling key need areas and allowing the resources we had to fill other slots to be more targeted and not scattered about 10-12 slots.
I know this particular talk is about the farm, but I want to add that the situation Bloom was handed was also hampered by the fact that hardly any added spending occurred starting a year before he even come into power (2019.) The effects of that were evident in 2019. No replacement of Kimbrell, Kelly and others. Following 2019, the forced trade of Betts and insisting they take Price, too gut punched the roster, and no money was spent to come close to replacing Betts. The budget remained tight until March 2022.
5 years of no farm infusion.
3+ years of relatively lower winter spending.
3+ years of key carryover vets getting injured (Sale, ERod, Nate, Price and others) or declining in production (Sale, Price, Porcello, Beni, JBJ, Bogey, JD and others.)
I still scratch my head when I see so many fans having unrealistic expectations for the team. They see the 2018 team and throw away all context that came with it.