A couple of points:
1.I agree that a player's compensation should not be based on a reputation of being clutch or not clutch. It's too hard to define and too imprecise for it too be fairly and accurately reflected in the marketplace.
2. Despite the difficulty in defining and valuing intangibles like "clutch", leadership, and attitude, the discerning GM will consider those qualities when putting together a team. Based solely on stats the Yankees should win every year. Oddly enough, when they were winning championships, they had no batting champions, or HR or RBI leaders. They had no Cy Young pitchers. They had clutch pitchers, a great pen, and very good players with great winning attitudes like O'Neil.
3. Is Papi more talented or valuable than ARod? Absolutely not. Is Papi a better leader? From what I hear and read, players not only look up to him, but he'll let you know, without being confrontational, if you need to pick up your game. He's probably the only guy alive who Manny would listen to. Is ARod a leader? He probably has very little value in the clubhouse. Should Ortiz be paid more than ARod? No, but for the price of ARod, I can get Ortiz, Lowell and a bullpen guy. I'll take my chances without ARod.
4. You have assumed equal weighting for the stats in the clutch situations. I don't think that is a fair valuation. In those situations, the pitching is generally much tougher than the league average, especially in the post season and All Star games. Putting up numbers in those situations that are comparable to career averages is an accomplishment. That in an of itself is clutch. Most guys do worse than their averages against good pitching. I don't think you are being fair in the weighting of the pressure ABs. Willie Mays once told a young player that you just try to hold your own against the top pitchers, but you feast on everyone else. If a player can perform at the same level against top level pitchers as he does against everyone else, that is a guy that I want on my team. I'd call him a clutch player. Theo and the FO look carefully at acquisitions for indications that the player can perform against the Yankees. Not everyone can. Some players with good stats, play very poorly against the Yankees. Playing well against the Yankees is clutch, because it is harder to do than playing well against KC.
5. I enjoyed your post. It was a very good post.